Future - budúci čas

WILL /SHALL+ infinitív plnovýznamového slovesa bez TO

I will see John tomorrow

použitie:

- pomocou will vyjadrujeme: chcenie, vôľu, zámer
- keď dávame alebo sa pýtame na informáciu , ktorá sa týka budúcnosti
- will/shall na predpoveď budúcich udalostí – keď hovoríme o tom, čo si myslíme, hádame, že sa stane Tomorrow will be warm.
- keď vyjadrujeme žiadosti, ponuky, hrozby, sľuby, príkazy Shall I open the door?
- rozhodnutia - will ok. We´ll buy tickets.
- sľuby a hrozby - will I promise I won´t smoke again.
- odmietnutia won´t I don´t care what you say, I won´t do it.
- poskytovanie inštrukcií a príkazov will Will you be quiet please?Žiadosť o inštrukcie shall Shall we go out for a meal?



To be going to + infinitív plnovýznamového slovesa

TO BE + GOING TO + INFINITÍV

- keď hovoríme o plánoch, (táto štruktúra zdôrazňuje myšlienku zámeru alebo rozhodnutia, ktore už bolo uroben, t.j. predtým, ako sme hovorili o našom zámere niečo urobiť)
We are going to get a new car soon.
- keď vyjadrujeme predpoveď budúcich udalostí na základe faktov, ktoré máme k dispozícii.
Look at the sky. It´s going to snow.
- na vyjadrenie príkazov a odmietnutí
You are goint to finish this meal!

Poznámka: V americkej angličtine sa môžeme stretnúť s formou gonna (going to) Nobody´s gonna talk to me like that.


Prítomný priebehový čas s budúcim významom

TO BE + sloveso zakončené na ING

- používame na vyjadrenie budúcich činností a udalostí v blízkej budúcnosti
- pre osobné plány
We are travelling round Slovakis next month.

Jednoduchý prítomný čas

- používame, keď hovoríme o harmonogramoch (timetable)The summer term stars on February 7th.



Exercise 1 Complete the sentences, using the words in brackets and 'll or a form of be going to. (Použite ľl alebo formu to be going to+ slová v zátvorke)

1 A: Are you going to watch TV tonight!
B: Yes, ……………….(I/watch) my favourite programme at 9o'clock.
2 A: What ………..(you/eat) tonight! What food have you bought! B: I haven't bought any food.
A: Well, why don't you come to my house? ………….(I/cook) us
something nice to eat.
3 A: I'm going into the centre of town tomorrow. ………..(I/buy) some new clothes.
B: Oh, what……………. (you/get)?
A: ……………….(I/look) for a T -shirt and some jeans.
B: I'd 1ike to go into the centre too. ……………(I/come) with you.
4 A:…………………(I/leave) work late tomorrow. There is a meeting at 6 p.m.
B: Oh, I didn't know that. Well, …………………(I/see) you after the meeting.
5………....(I/phone) Tom at 6 o' clock. I promised to phone him this evening.
6 A: Are you going to have a holiday in the summer?
B: Yes, …………… (I/travel) around Europe with a friend.
7 A: It's rather hot in here, isn't it?
B: Yes, you're right. ………….. (I/open) a window.

Exercise 2
The following people are about to do something. You can see that they have already planned or prepared the action.
Write positive sentences in going to future. (Napíšte kladné vety s formou budúceho času to be going to; slová, ktoré máte použiť sú v zátvorkepod otázkou)

1. What does she need the telephone for?
→ (she / call / her boyfriend)
2. Why are they wearing sport suits?
→ (they / play / squash)
3. Why has Fiona bought chocolates?
→ (She / visit / her grandma)
4. Why do you need a map?
→ (we / walk / in the mountains)
5. What do you need the cloth and the bucket for?
→ (we / wash / the car)
6. Why are you running about with the toothbrush?
→ (I / brush / my teeth)
7. Why is daddy not coming with us?
→ (he / repair / the car)
8. Hurry up!
→ (they / light / the bonfire)
9. Why are all these tapes on the table?
→ (we / learn / Greek)
10. What do you need the pen for?

Exercise 3
What is going to happen? (going to použijeme, keď vieme čo sa stane alebo keď si myslíme, že osoba s ktorou hovoríme to vie)

1 She / read / a book
2 They / watch / TV
3 He / not play / the drums
4 She / not do / her homework
5 l /do / my homework
6 You / do / your homework?
7 It / rain
8 It / not / rain
9 It / rain?
10 They / not come / to the party


Exercise 4
Write about the following plans. (Pre plány alebo dohodnuté programy použijeme prítomný priebehový čas)

1 She / see / the bank manager at 3 o'clock.
2 He / have dinner / at 8.30 pm.
3 You / fly / to Paris / tomorrow?
4 What time / they / leave London?
5 We / not play / golf / on Sunday.
6 She / have / a party / next Saturday.
7 l / meet / my girlfriend / at the cinema.
8 He / not come / to tea / tomorrow.
9 The new supermarket / open / on 28th June.
10 l / not go / to the dentist / until next year.


Exercise 5
We use the future with will to express prediction, quick decision, promise (na vyjadrenie predpovede, rýchleho rozhodnutia a sľubu používame will)

l think l / stay / in bed tomorrow.
1 l don't think she / go / to the party.
2 The weather / be / sunny in June.
3 You / help / me?
4 There / not be / enough water next summer
5 l think l / go / to the bank.
6 He / pay / you tomorrow.
7 l / have / soup, please.
8 The government says we / have / more money next year.
9 You / marry / me?
10 No, l / not lend / you any money.

These conjunctions can be used to refer to the future, but they are followed by a verb in the present tense. (po týchto spojkách ide sloveso v prítomnom čase, hoci sa vzťahuje na budúcnosť)
when(kedy, keď), as soon as (len čo), before (pred; predtým),by the time
the moment (okamžite; hneď ako), until (až do)

Exercise 6
In the following sentences, choose the correct pairs of verbs from the list below and put them in the correct tense.

get/be
leave/join
return/close
continue/reach
be/visit

1 My mother ..................... very pleased when I ....................her.
2 As soon as I .................. school, I ................ the army.
3 The meeting ......................until they .................. agreement.
4 By the time they ........................ here, we ......................ready for them.
5 The boss ....................before the shop........................... .


Exercise 7
Link the two halves ofthe following sentences.
1 We 'll go for a walk
2 When the summer comes,
3 The terrorist will be arrested
4 The plane won't take off
5 Before he ends the class,

a) until the fog clears.
b) the teacher will tell us the answer.
c) as soon as it stops raining.
d) iťll be much warmer.
e) the moment he enters the country.


Answers
Exercise 1
1 …I´m going to watch…2 …are you going to eat,…I´ll cook 3 …I´m going to buy,…are you going to get, …I´m going to look, …I´ll come 4 A:…I´m going to leave,…I´ll see
5…I´m going to phone……....6 I´m going to travel 7
…I´ll open……….

Exercise 2
Write positive sentences in going to future.
1 She is going to call her boyfriend.
2 They are going to play squash.
3 She is going to visit her grandma.
4 We are going to walk in the mountains.
5 We are going to wash the car.
6 I am going to brush my teeth.
7 He is going to repair the car.
8 They are going to light the bonfire.
9 We are going to learn Greek.
10 I am going to write some postcards.

Exercise 3
1 She is going to read a book. 2 They are going to watch TV. 3 hi is not going to play the drums. 4 She is not going to do her homework. 5 I am going to do my homework. 6 Are you going to do your homework? 7 It is going to rain. 8 It is not going to rain. 9 Is it going to rain? 10 They are not going to come to the party.

Exercise 4
1 She is seeing the bank manager at 3 o'clock. 2 He is having dinner at 8.30 pm.
3 Are you flying to Paris tomorrow? 4 What time are they leaving London?
5 We are not playing golf on Sunday. 6 She is having a party next Saturday.
7 l am meeting my girlfriend at the cinema. 8 He is not coming to tea tomorrow.
9 The new supermarket is opening on 28th June. 10 l am not going to the dentist until next year.

Exercise 5
l think l´ll stay in bed tomorrow. 1 l don't think she´ll go to the party. 2 The weather will be sunny in June. 3 Will you help me? 4 There will not be/won´t be enough water next summer
5 l think l ´ll go to the bank. 6 He´ll pay you tomorrow. 7 l´ll have soup, please.
8 The government says we´ll have more money next year. 9 Will you marry me?
10 No, l will not/won´t lend you any money.


Exercise 6
1 My mother will be very pleased when I visit her. 2 As soon as I leave school, I´ll join the army.
3 The meeting will continue until they reach agreement. 4 By the time they get here, we ´ll be ready for them. 5 The boss will return before the shop closes .

Exercise 7
1c 2d 3 e 4 a 5b


Literature:
Swan, M. Practical English Usage, Oxford University Press, 2005. ISBN 0-19-442096-5
Jackson, Andy; Jackson, Audrey. Elementary Grammar Worksheets. Prentice Hall. 1992. ISBN 0-13-253295-6
http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar/future-1-going-to/exercises?03

Past Progressive/Continuous - minulý priebehový

Použitie:
1) dej sa v minulosti začal a istý čas pokračoval
I was reading a book yesterday.

2) dej v minulosti prebiehal s iným minulým dejom
While I was reading a book he was writing an e-mail.

3) vyjadruje postupnú zmenu stavu v minulosti
It was getting dark and cold.


Forma
- priebehový čas tvoríme z minulého času slovesa TO BE a prítomného príčastia (plnovýznamové sloveso zakončené na -ING - read+ing = reading)
- časuje sa iba sloveso TO BE

Oznamovacia veta:
podmet + TO BE + prítomné príčastie (plnovýznamové sloveso zakončené na -ING) .... .
We were drinking coffee.

Opytovacia veta:
TO BE + podmet + prítomné príčastie (plnovýznamové sloveso zakončené na -ING) .......?
Were you drinking coffee?

Záporná veta:
podmet + TO BE + NOT + prítomné príčastie (plnovýznamové sloveso zakončené na -ING) .... .
We were not drinking coffee.

Practice
Write down a question and answer in the past progressive tense:
1 do/1987?/live abroad What were you doing in 1987? I was living abroad.
2 do/last night?/watch TV
3 do/yesterday morning?/drive to London
4 do/1990?/work for IBM
5 do/Sunday?/work in the garden


Môžeme použiť: all day, all night, all yesterday, all week, etc. na zvýraznenie kontinuity.
It was snowing all night/all yesterday/all (the) afternoon.

1 it/rain/all night It was raining all day.
2 we/walk/all day
3 I/answer letters/all afternoon
4 We/talk/all night
5 John/drive/all Sunday
6 they/play football/all morning
7 we/swim/all the weekend
8 it/snow/all yesterday

Answers:
1)
1 What were you doing in 1987? - I was living abroad.
2 What were you doing last night? - I was watching TV.
3 What were you doing yesterday morning? - I was driving to London.
4 What were you doing in 1990? - I was working for IBM.
S What were you doing on Sunday? - I was working in the garden.

2)
1 It was raining all night. 2 We were walking all day.
3 I was answering letters all (the) afternoon. 4 We were talking all night.
S John was driving all Sunday. 6 They were playing football all (the) morning.
7 We were swimming all (the) weekend.8 It was snowing all yesterday.

Simple Past Tense - jednoduchý minulý čas

Použitie:
- vyjadruje definitívne skončený dej, ktorý sa odohral v minulosti a nemá nijaký vzťah k prítomnosti
- presný čas minulého deja buď vyplýva z kontextu, alebo je vyjadrené príslovkovým určením: at noon, last year, ten years ago, from 1963 - 1984, in 2000, po opytovacom zámene when
When did you see him?

Forma:
oznamovacia veta:
Podmet + sloveso + ed + predmet + prislovkové určenia (miesta, času, spôsobu)
I stayed at home all weekend.

otázka: na vytvorenie otázky musíme použiť pomocné sloveso DID
(Opytovacie zámeno) + DID + podmet + infinitív plnovýznamového slovesa + predmet + príslovkové určenia?
Where did you stay all weekend?


zápor: na vytvorenie záporu musíme použiť pomocné sloveso DID
Podmet + DID + NOT + infinitív plnovýznamového slovesa + predmet + príslovkové určenia.
I didn´t stay at home all weekend.

Pravidelné plnovýznamové slovesá tvoria minulý čas pomocou koncovky -ED call + ed
= called

Ak sloveso končí na -e, potom pridáme len koncovku -d name + d = named
Po spoluhláske sa koncové y mení na i to carry - carried

Nepravidelné plnovýznamové slovesá: sú uvedené v každom slovníku

Practice
1) The past tense form. Fill in the gap with the past tense form of the verb in brackets.
Example: We.....(work) hard yesterday.
Answer: We worked hard yesterday.
1 What......(do) you do yesterday?
2 I......(make) a cake.
3 First, I......(bake) it in the oven for an hour.
4 Then, I .....(leave) it to cool.
5 Then, I...... (fill) it with cream.
6 I .....(give) it to my guests this morning.
7 I .....(put) it on a large plate ...
8 and.....(carry) it through to the living room.
9 I .....(cut) it with a knife.
10 I.....(offer) everybody a piece.
11 They .....(love) it.
12 They .....(think) it .....(taste) delicious.
13 I .....(feel) very proud of myself.
14 I .....(buy) everything for the cake from a local shop.
15 It only .....(cost) £1 to make.
16 I .....(have) an accident last week.
17 A car.....(hit) me.
18 I .....(fall) down and .....(break) my arm.
19 The driver .....(take) me to hospital.
20 They .....(keep) me there for three hours.
21 They .....(fit) me with a plaster for my arm.
22 Then they .....(let) me go.
1(23).....(go) to the cinema yesterday. I (24).....(see) a good film there. It (25) .....(be) a Japanese film. The film (26).....(take) a very long time. It (27).....(last) more than two and a half hours. But it (28) .....(be) never boring. In the film, three people (29) .....(tell) the same story. But each person (30).....(have) different memories of what (31) .....(happen). The people (32).....(speak) in Japanese, but I (33).....(understand) everything because the film (34).....(be) subtitled in English.


2) Put in the right past forms of the verbs

YOU HELP ME AND I'LL HELP YOU!
The milkman (come) 1 ... early yesterday and (leave) 2 .....two bottles of milk outside my door. The milkman (put) 3......a heavy tile on the bottles. Then my dog Max (go) 4 ... to the bottles. I (watch) 5......him in surprise! He (give) 6 .... the tile a push, then (wait) 7......A minute later two birds (arrive)8 ... and (take off) 9 ... the bottle tops. They (have) 10..... a good drink. Then Max (have) 11 ... a good drink, too!

3) Put in the right past forms of the verbs

FIRST THINK, THEN SPEAK
The great scientist, Albert Einstein, was a normal baby. He (draw) 1 ... pictures and he (play) 2 ... with toys. But his parents (be) 3 ... worried about him because he (not speak) 4 ... Then one day, he (say) 5 ... 'The soup is too hot!' His parents (be) 6 .....happy. Their baby (speak) 7 ... his first words! 'Why (be) 8 ... you so quiet?' his mother (ask) 9 ... .'Because everything (be) 10 ... in order,' Einstein (say) 11. .. .

Answers
1)
1 did 10 offered 19 took 28 was
2 made 11 loved 20 kept 29 told
3 baked 12 thought - tasted 21 fitted 30 had
4 left 13 felt 22 let 31 happened
5 filled 14 bought 23 went 32 spoke
6 gave 15 cost 24 saw 33 understood
7 put 16 had 25 was 34 was
8 carried 17 hit 26 took
9 cut 18 fell- broke 27 lasted

2)1 came 2 left 3 put 4 went 5 watched 6 gave 7 waited 8 arrived 9 took off 10 had 11 had

3) 1 drew 2 played 3 were 4 didn't speak 5 said 6 were 7 spoke (had spoken is not yet available) 8 were 9 ask 10 was 11 said

Slovesá, ktoré nemajú priebehovú formu

sú to vlastne slovesá, ktoré nemajú priebehovú formu, t.j. nemajú koncové -ing. Tieto slovesá vyjadrujú dej, ktorý prebieha, jednoduchým prítomným časom. Sú to:

slovesá vyjadrujúce zmyslové vnímanie:
to see vidieť, to hear počuť, to taste chutiť, chutnať, to feel citiť
I feel it in my bones that he will fail. Cítim v kostich (som si istá), že sa mu to nepodarí.

slovesá, ktoré vyjadrujú určité duševné pochody:
to know vedieť, to understand rozumieť, chápať, to think myslieť, to forget zabudnúť, to believe veriť, to trust dôverovať, to recognize poznať, to notice všimnúť si, to remember pamätať si, spomenúť si, to recall spomínúť si, to recollect rozpamätať sa, to suppose predpokladať, to mean zamýšlať, mieniť, to realize uvedomiť si, to wonder čudovať sa, byt zvedavý, to admit priznať, pripustiť, to seem zdať sa, to hope dufať a i.

He knows more than he says. Vie viac, ako hovori.

slovesá vyjadrujúce citové vzťahy:
to care dbať, to want chcieť, to wish želať si, to desire túžiť, to love milovať, to like mať rád, to refuse odmietnúť, to forgive odpustiť, to hate nenávidieť, to resent pohoršovať sa, to prefer dávať prednosť, to dread báť sa.

He hates her. She loves him.

Sem patria ešte ďalšie slovesá, ako napr. to be byť, to possess mať, vlastniť, to belong patriť, to matter mať význam, to contain obsahovať, to consist of skladať sa z, to find nájsť, to meet stretnúť sa, to accept prijať, to obtain dostať, to receive dostať, prijímať a i.

Present Continuous/Progressive - prítomný priebehový čas

Tento čas používame:

1)keď chceme hovoriť o niečom, čo prebieha v okamžiku rozprávania alebo okolo tohto okamžiku

What is he doing? He is reading a book.

2) keď chceme vyjadriť, že je to činnosť, ktorej sa osoba (vyjadrená podmet), venuje pravidelne určitú časť svojho času

I am studying English.

3) keď chceme vyjadriť bezprostrednú budúcnosť, najmä so slovesami pohybu go, come, leave,...

When are you leaving London?

4) keď chceme vyjadriť zmeny

House prices are going up these days.

Forma

- priebehový čas tvoríme z prítomného času slovesa TO BE a prítomného príčastia (plnovýznamové sloveso zakončené na -ING - read+ing = reading)
- časuje sa iba sloveso TO BE

Oznamovacia veta:
podmet + TO BE + prítomné príčastie (plnovýznamové sloveso zakončené na -ING) .... .
We are drinking coffee.

Opytovacia veta:
TO BE + podmet + prítomné príčastie (plnovýznamové sloveso zakončené na -ING) .......?
Are you drinking coffee?
Záporná veta:
podmet + TO BE + NOT + prítomné príčastie (plnovýznamové sloveso zakončené na -ING) .... .
We are not drinking coffee.

Practice

1) Write the sentences with the verbs in the present continuous tense:
1 John and I .... in a beautiful hotel. (stay) John and I are staying in a beautiful hotel.
2 Sue and Joe .... a cake for tea. (make) Sue and Joe are making a cake for tea.
3 Kevin .... at home today. (work)
4 I ....for a letter from my parents. (wait)
5 you ....too fast. (walk)
6 We ....our next holiday. (plan)
7 The girls .... their grandmother today. (visit)
8 She .....in her bedroom at the moment. (read)
9 I .....to listen to the radio but it's very noisy in here. (try)
10 The sun .....beautifully today. (shine)
11 The baby .....to walk now. (learn)
12 Greg's in the kitchen. He .... the dinner. (cook)
13 I .....a bit miserable today. (feel)
14 you ....too hard for this exam. (study)
15 Where's Anne? She .... a shower. (have)

2) Write the questions and answers, adding am, is, are to the questions and am, is, are, or 'm not, isn't, aren't to the short answers:
, .... it raining outside?' 'No, it. . .. .' 'Is it raining outside?' 'No, it isn't.'
2 ' .... the children playing outside?' 'Yes, they ....
'Are the children playing outside?' 'Yes, they are. '
3 ' ......you doing your homework now?' 'Yes, I ....
4 ' ......I hurting you?' 'No, you. . .. .'
5 ' ......she waving to us?' 'Yes, she. . .. .'
6 ' ......we stopping here?' 'Yes, we. . .. .'
7 ' ......your neighbours moving out?' 'No, they ....
8 ' ......he helping you with your homework?' 'Yes, he ....
9 ' ......you looking at that boat?' 'Yes, I. . .. .'
10 ' .....they planning a party?' 'No, they. . .. .'

3) Write the questions. Use the present continuous:
1 What/she/do? What's she doing?
2 You/learn/French at school? Are you learning French at school?
3 What book/you/read?
4 What/we/watch?
5 I/speak clearly?
6 Why/we/sit in the dark?
7 Where/they/stay?
8 It/snow?
9 Why/he/run so fast?
10 What/you/sell?
11 Why/he/shout?
12 Where/they/wait?
13 Why/she/laugh?
14 They/dance together?
15 The plane/land now?


Skracovanie:
Rozlišujeme dva spôsoby skracovania zápornej vety v priebehovom čase:
She is not reading. môžeme skrátiť : (a) She isn't reading alebo
(b) She's not reading.
Obidve sú správne. Záporná veta (b) je o trochu dôraznejšia ako záporná veta (a).

4) Rewrite the sentences in the negative:
1 They're buying a new car. They aren't buying a new car. They're not buying a new car.
2 He's learning to read. He isn't learning to read. He's not learning to read.
3 I'm looking for your keys.
4 We're selling the house.
5 You're working very hard.
6 He's washing the dishes.
7 They're drinking tea.
8 We're having a good time.
9 She's leaving him.
10 I'm going home now.

5) Write the sentences, putting the verbs into the present continuous or present simple:
Tim .... (live) in Manchester but he .... (spend) this month in Wales.
Tim lives in Manchester but he's spending this month in Wales.
2 A: .... (you/work) today? A: Are you working today?
B: No, I .... I usually .... (work) on Fridays but I've got the day off.
B: No. I'm not. I usually work on Fridays but I've got the day off.
3 A: What .....(Wendy/do)?
B: She ...(be) a teacher but she .... (not/teach) at the moment. She .... (look) for a job.
4 A: Can I have that paper or .... (you/read) it?
B: No, I .... (not/read) it. I never .... (read) that paper. I .....prefer) the Daily News.
5 A: ...(this bag/belong) to you?
B: No, it .... , but I .... (know) Julie .... (look) for her bag.
6 I .... (not/smoke) but my husband. . .. He .... (try) to stop at the moment but it's not easy.
7 .... (you/remember) my friend Matthew? He .... (stay) with me at the moment.
8 A: .... (you/speak) German?
B: No, I .... but I .... (want) to learn. I .... (look) for a good course book.
9 Emma and Katie usually .... (visit) me on Saturdays but they (camp) in the New Forest this weekend.
10 A: ....(Simon/help) you very much?
B: No, not usually, but he .... (help) me today.


Answers

1)1 are staying 2 are making 3 is working 4 am waiting 5 are walking 6 are planning 7 are visiting 8 is reading 9 am trying 10 is shining 11 is learning 12 is cooking 13 am feeling 14 are studying 15 is having

2) 1 Is isn't 2 Are ... are 3 Are ... am 4 Am aren't 5 Is is 6 Are ... are 7 Are ... aren't 8 Is is 9 Are ... am 10 Are ... aren't

3)1 What's she doing? 2 Are you learning French at school? 3 What book are you reading? 4 What are we watching? 5 Am I speaking clearly? 6 Why are we sitting in the dark? 7 Where are they staying? 8 Is it snowing? 9 Why is he running so fast? 10 What are you selling? 11 Why is he shouting? 12 Where are they waiting? 13 Why is she laughing? 14 Are they dancing together? 15 Is the plane landing now?

4)1 They aren't / They're not buying a new car. 2 He isn't / He's not learning to read. 3 I'm not looking for your keys. 4 We aren't / We're not selling the house. 5 You aren't / You're not working very hard. 6 He isn't / He's not washing the dishes. 7 They aren't / They're not drinking tea. 8 We aren't / We're not having a good time. 9 She isn't / She's not leaving him. 10 I'm not going home now.

5) 3 does Wendy do ... 's ... isn't teaching ' s looking 4 are you reading, 'm not reading, read ... prefer 5 Does this bag belong, doesn't ... , know , 's looking 6 don't smoke, does ..., 's trying 7 Do you remember ..., 's staying 8 Do you speak, don´t...,want..., ´m looking... 9 visit...., ŕe camping 10 Does Simon help...., ´s helping

Simple present tense - jednoduchý prítomný čas

Kedy ho použijeme:
1) výpoveď má všeobecnú platnosť, t.j. hovoríme o faktoch
The sun rises on the east.
2) keď hovoríme o zvykoch, o opakujúcich sa činnostiach
She drinks tea for breakfast.
3) dej budúci - timetable
The train leaves at 5 p.m. on Friday.
4) s príslovkami času: often (často), usually (zvyčajne), seldom (zriedkavo), sometimes (niekedy), never (nikdy), always (vždy), occasionally (príležitostne), twice a year (2x za rok), every week (každý týždeň)
Do you always start work at seven?

Časovanie plnovýznamových slovies:
I speak
you speak
he/she/it speaks (v tretej osobe j.č. pridávame -s/-es na konci slovesa)
we speak
you speak
they speak

Tvorba otázky:

DO + podmet + infinitív (základný tvar slovesa) + predmet +.....? (pre všetky osoby okrem 3 osoby j.č.)
DOES + podmet + infinitív (základný tvar slovesa) + predmet +.....? ( pre 3 os.j.č.)

Do you speak English?
Does he/she/it speak English?
Do they speak English?

Tvorba záporu:


Podmet + DO + NOT + infinitív (základný tvar slovesa) + predmet +..... (pre všetky osoby okrem 3 osoby j.č.)
Podmet + DOES + NOT + infinitív (základný tvar slovesa) + predmet +......

I don´t speak German.
You don´t speak German.
He/she/ it doesn´t speak German.
We don´t speak German.
You don´t speak German.
They don´t speak German.

Practice

1 Write the sentences with the verb in the correct form:
1 Children .... a lot of questions. (ask) Children ask a lot of questions.
2 I .... classical music. (love) I love classical music.
3 You always..... my birthday. (forget)
4 She never .....to me. (listen)
5 They usually .....coffee after their evening meal. (drink)
6 I .... to work when the weather's cold. (drive)
7 My parents usually .... to our house on Sundays. (come)
8 They .... two languages at school. (learn)
9 The village shop .... at 8 o'clock in the morning. (open)
10 We .... her a diary every year. (give)
11 He often .....with his brother. (fight)
12 You never .....me with my homework. (help)
13 Big dogs .....a lot of exercise. (like)
14 He .... Arabic. (understand)
15 Lessons .... at 9 o'clock every morning. (start)


2 Write the sentences with the verb in the correct form:
1 She .... to college on her bike. (go)
She goes to college on her bike.
2 A lot of birds .... south in the winter. (fly)
A lot of birds fly south in the winter.
3 She .... very hard at the weekends. (study)
4 My father .....television most evenings. (watch)
5 I often ....at the cinema. (cry)
6 She .....a lot of homework in the evenings. (do)
7 A mother cat .... her kittens. (wash)
8 You ....language very well. (teach)
9 He ....the shopping for his grandmother. (carry)
10 He's very naughty - he .... other children. (push)


3 Write the sentences again using she or he:
1 I always listen to the radio in the mornings. (She) She always listens to the radio in the mornings.
2 I take the dog for a walk every day. (He)
He takes the dog for a walk every day.
3 I usually buy all the food. (She)
4 I teach history and Latin. (She)
5 I walk to the office every day. (He)
6 I never wash the car. (She)
7 I open the building every morning. (He)
8 I occasionally write letters to myoid school friends. (He)
9 I drink a lot of tea with my breakfast. (He)
10 I watch the football on television every Saturday. (She)

Answers
1) 1 ask 2 love 3 forget 4 listens 5 drink 6 drive 7 come 8 learn 9 opens 10 give 11 fights 12 help 13 like 14 understands 15 start
2)1 goes 2 fly 3 studies 4 watches 5 cry 6 does 7 washes 8 teach 9 carries 10 pushes
3)1 She always listens. . . 2 He takes. . . 3 She usually buys ...
4 She teaches. . . 5 He walks. . . 6 She never washes
7 He opens. . . 8 He occasionally writes. . . 9 He drinks 10 She watches ...

TO BE - byť (v prítomnom a minulom čase)

Sloveso to be má 3 tvary v prítomnom čase: AM, IS,ARE

I am (I´m) - ja som
you are (you´re) - ty si
he is (he´s) on je
she is (she´s) ona je
it is (it´s) - ono je
we are (we´re) - my sme
you are (you´re) - vy ste
they are (they´re) - oni sú

Otázku tvoríme prehodením slovosledu: to be + podmet...?
Am I?
Are you?
Is he?
Is she?
Is it?
Are we?
Are you?
Are they?

Zápor tvoríme pridaním častice not k "to be".
I am not. (I´m not.)
You are not. (You aren´t)
He is not. (He isn´t.)
She is not. (She isn´t.)
It is not. (It isn´t.)
We are not. (We aren´t.)
You are not. ( You aren´t.)
They are not. (They aren´t.)

Sloveso to be má 2 tvary v minulom čase: WERE, WAS

I was - bol/a som
you were (you´re) - bol si
he was (he´s) on bol
she was (she´s) ona bola
it was (it´s) - ono bolo
we were (we´re) - boli sme
you were (you´re) - boli ste
they were (they´re) - oni boli

Otázku tvoríme prehodením slovosledu: to be + podmet...?
Was I?
Were you?
Was he?
Was she?
Was it?
Were we?
Were you?
Were they?

Zápor tvoríme pridaním častice not k "to be".
I was not. (I wasn´t.)
You were not. (You weren´t)
He was not. (He wasn´t.)
She was not. (She wasn´t.)
It was not. (It wasn´t.)
We were not. (We weren´t.)
You were not. ( You weren´t.)
They were not. (They weren´t.)


Practice it.
1) Complete the sentences with am, is, are:
1She…in my class.
She is in my class.
2 They .... in my office.
They are in my office.
3 It .....very difficult.
4 I .....from Spain.
5 He ....a good teacher.
6 How .....you?
7 ......she coming?
8 ......they at home?
9 The book ...... here.
10 The class......very big.
11 The books ......on my desk.
12 My sister and I .... leaving.
13 ......your mother and father coming?
14 It..... not my pen.
15 I ......not a teacher.
16 Jane .... not on the train. 17 .... English very difficult? 18 . . .. I right?
19 The trees .... beautiful. 20 The shop . . .. not open.

2) Write the sentences with was or were:
1 He .... very tired yesterday. He was very tired yesterday.
2 They .... not very happy together. They were not very happy together.
3 you .... very angry with me last night. 4 Her doctor .... not very helpful.
5 They .... in France last summer.
6 Mr Jones .... not in the office yesterday.
7 I .....in bed all morning.
S It ....not very warm in the swimming pool.
9 you ....not very friendly to my sister.
10 She....a beautiful baby.
11 The children .... awake early this morning.
12 I .... not with them in the restaurant.
13 Ruth .... on holiday last week.
14 It ....a very nice letter.
15 We ....very pleased to see you.
16 Michael and his brother Andrew .... here last night.


3) Write the story, adding was and were:
It 1 was a beautiful day. The sun 2 was hot and the sky 3 .... blue. James and Wendy 4 ....on the beach. They 5 ....with their three children. The children 6 ....in the sea. The sea 7 ....a bit cold but the children 8 .... very happy. There 9 .... lots of other children in the sea too: some of them 10 .... in the water with their parents. Wendy and James 11 .... on the sand and James 12 .... asleep with a book on his face. But suddenly there 13 .... grey clouds all over the sky and the sun 14 .... not hot any more. The beautiful weather 15 .... finished and there 16 .... wet picnics and wet people everywhere. A British summer holiday!


4) Make questions and answers about the story above. Use was or were:
The weather nice? 'Was the weather nice?' 'Yes, it was a beautiful day.'
2 Where/James and Wendy? 'Where were James and Wendy?' 'They were on the beach.'
3 Where/their children?
4 Other children in the sea?
5 James and Wendy in the sea?
6 James awake?
7 What/on James' face?
8 sunny all day?
9 the holidaymakers wet in the end?
10 Where/this beach?


Answers:
1) 1 is 2 are 3 is 4 am 5 is 6 are 7 Is 8 Are 9 is 10 is 11 are 12 are 13 Are 14 is 15 am 16 is 17 Is 18 Am 19 are 20 is

2) 1 was 2 were 3 were 4 was 5 were 6 was 7 was 8 was 9 were 10 was 11 were 12 was 13 was 14 was 15 were 16 were

3) 1 was 2 was 3 was 4 were 5 were 6 were 7 was 8 were 9 were 10 were 11 were 12 was 13 were 14 was 15 was 16 were

4)1 'Was the weather nice?' 'Yes, it was a beautiful day.' 2 'Where were James and Wendy?' 'They were on the beach.' 3 'Where were their children?' 'They were in the sea.' 4 'Were there other children in the sea?' 'Yes, there were.' 5 'Were James and Wendy in the sea?' 'No, they weren't.' 6 'Was James awake?' 'No, he wasn't.' 7 'What was on James' face?' 'There was a book on his face.' 8 'Was it sunny all day?' 'No, it wasn't.' 9 'Were the holidaymakers wet in the end?' 'Yes, they were.' 10 'Where was this beach?' 'It was in Britain.'